Gynecomastia is a disease or complication in which the male mammary glands enlarge due to upsetting the balance between
male and female hormones and the increase of female hormones such as mammary glands in the woman’s breasts, giving a feminine appearance to men’s breasts.
This complication usually affects both breasts, but sometimes only one side of the breast is affected. During puberty, up to 50% of teenagers transiently develop this complication. This complication is seen even in infants due to the transient transfer of maternal hormones to the infant. Several middle-aged men also suffer from this complication due to elevated estrogen hormone.
Other causes of gynecomastia include overweight, chronic kidney and liver disease, estrogen-containing medications, and the use of alcohol and drugs such as marijuana. The very rare cause of gynecomastia can be breast cancer. Hormone therapy in people with breast cancer can also be another cause of this complication.
If the female breast form does not return to its masculine form due to weight loss or discontinuation of gynecomastia medicines, the mammary glands should be surgically emptied before the breast skin expands and the breast becomes sagging. Usually, at the same time as emptying these glands, liposuction is performed to obtain a smooth surface of the adjacent tissues.
If the feminization and breast sagging are not due to the glands enlargement and only the excessive accumulation of fat is the cause, it is called Pseudogynecomastia and can be treated with liposuction if there is no excessive breast sagging.
Gynecomastia surgery risks
The gynecomastia surgery risks in men are low, provided that the surgery is performed by a plastic surgeon who has sufficient experience.
Among the notable risks are the following:
Hematoma, infection, nipple indentation after surgery, and sutures visibility.
Preoperative recommendations:
The use of drugs that have anticoagulant properties should be discontinued by consulting the physician at least 14 days before the surgery date.
Minimize nicotine and alcohol use 4 weeks before surgery.
Be sure to tell your surgeon if you have any allergies or illnesses.
Be sure to tell your surgeon if you get bruises quickly after a small blow.
Be sure to tell your surgeon if you decide to lose weight.
It is recommended to do mammography or ultrasound to examine the breast tissue before surgery.
Postoperative recommendations:
Immediately after surgery, the breasts may become stiff and painful and you may need to use painkillers.
Use a breast girdle for up to 2 weeks after surgery.
If the sutures are not removable, remove them after 7 to 10 days.
Direct sunlight and solarium should be avoided for up to 6 months to prevent suture line blur.
The patient can take a shower after 3 days, while swimming is not recommended for the first months.
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